Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune skin disorder characterized by scaly, red patches and flakes on the skin. It affects about 2% of the world’s population and can cause significant physical and emotional distress. While there is no cure for psoriasis, there are a variety of treatments available to manage symptoms.
What are Biologics?
Biologics are drugs made from living cells and organisms that target specific parts of the immune system. They work by blocking the activity of specific proteins in the immune system that contribute to inflammation and the development of psoriasis. Biologics can be administered through injection or intravenous infusion and are typically used for moderate to severe cases of psoriasis that have not responded to other treatments.
How do Biologics Work?
Biologics work by targeting specific proteins in the immune system. These proteins are called cytokines and play a crucial role in signaling immune cells to attack and destroy pathogens in the body. However, in the case of autoimmune disorders like psoriasis, these cytokines can cause inflammation and tissue damage.
Biologics are designed to block the activity of specific cytokines that contribute to inflammation and trigger psoriasis outbreaks. By blocking these cytokines, biologics can reduce inflammation and improve symptoms of psoriasis.
Types of Biologics
There are several types of biologics that are currently approved for the treatment of psoriasis. These include:
- Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) biologics, which block the activity of TNF-alpha, a cytokine that contributes to inflammation and tissue damage.
- Anti-interleukin (IL) biologics, which block the activity of pro-inflammatory cytokines like IL-12 and IL-23.
- Anti-IL-17 biologics, which block the activity of IL-17, a cytokine that is believed to play a key role in the development of psoriasis.
Benefits of Biologics
The use of biologics for the treatment of psoriasis has several benefits:
- Biologics are highly effective at reducing inflammation and improving symptoms of psoriasis.
- Biologics can be administered through injection or intravenous infusion, which allows for easy dosing and convenient administration.
- Biologics have a lower risk of side effects compared to traditional systemic treatments for psoriasis.
Possible Side Effects of Biologics
While biologics are generally considered safe and effective, there are some potential side effects to be aware of:
- Increased risk of infections, including serious infections like tuberculosis and fungal infections.
- Allergic reactions, including hives, swelling, and difficulty breathing.
- Increased risk of certain types of cancer, including lymphoma and skin cancer.
- Development of autoimmune disorders.
Who is a Candidate for Biologics?
Biologics are typically recommended for patients with moderate to severe psoriasis who have not responded to other treatments like topical creams, phototherapy, or systemic medications.
Your doctor may recommend biologics if:
- Your psoriasis is significantly impacting your quality of life.
- Your psoriasis is causing joint pain or stiffness.
- Your psoriasis is getting worse despite other treatments.
- You have other medical conditions that make traditional psoriasis treatments unsafe or unsuitable.
- You are willing and able to commit to ongoing monitoring and follow-up appointments.
What to Expect During Biologic Treatment
Before you begin biologic treatment, your doctor will perform a thorough evaluation to determine if biologics are the right treatment for you. If you are a candidate for biologics, your doctor will monitor you closely during treatment to ensure that the medication is working effectively and to monitor for potential side effects.
During treatment, you may experience some side effects like injection site reactions, headaches, fatigue, and nausea. If you experience any severe or persistent symptoms, contact your doctor immediately.
FAQs
1. Are biologics safe?
While biologics have been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of psoriasis, they do carry some potential risks like increased risk of infections and development of autoimmune disorders. Your doctor will carefully evaluate your individual risk factors and medical history to determine if biologics are the right treatment for you.
2. How long do I need to take biologics?
The length of biologic treatment will vary depending on your individual needs and response to treatment. Some patients may be able to achieve remission and discontinue biologic treatment, while others may require ongoing treatment to manage symptoms.
3. Can I take biologics while pregnant or breastfeeding?
Biologic treatments are not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women due to the potential risks to the developing fetus or infant.
4. Can I still use other psoriasis treatments while taking biologics?
Yes, many patients continue to use topical creams, phototherapy, or other systemic medications while taking biologics. Your doctor will determine the best treatment plan for your individual needs.
5. Will my insurance cover biologic treatment?
Biologic treatments can be expensive, but many insurance plans do provide coverage for these medications. Check with your insurance provider to determine your individual coverage options.
Conclusion
Biologics are an effective and safe treatment option for many patients with moderate to severe psoriasis. While there are potential side effects and risks to consider, the benefits of reducing inflammation and improving symptoms of psoriasis may make biologics a worthwhile option for those who have not responded to other treatments.
